Solution
D. CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports and timers
Explanation
In a microcontroller, the following components are typically present:
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The CPU is the brain of the microcontroller. It executes instructions stored in memory and performs arithmetic and logical operations.
RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM is used for temporary data storage during program execution. It allows the microcontroller to quickly read from or write to memory locations.
ROM (Read-Only Memory): ROM stores the program or firmware code that is permanently written during manufacturing. It contains the instructions that the microcontroller follows when powered on.
I/O Ports (Input/Output Ports): I/O ports are used to interface with the external world. These ports allow the microcontroller to connect to and communicate with other devices, such as sensors, actuators, or external memory.
Timers: Timers are used for various time-related functions. They can be employed to generate delays, measure time intervals, or control the timing of specific operations within the microcontroller.
These components collectively enable the microcontroller to execute programs, interact with external devices, and perform a wide range of tasks based on the application it is designed for.